Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?

$A$ ray of light in a liquid of refractive index $1.4$ approaches the boundary surface between the liquid and air at an angle of incidence whose sine is $0.8$. Which of the following statements is correct about the behavior of the light?

$A$ ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium. The angle of reflection is $r$ and that of refraction is $r'$. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of $90^{\circ}$ with each other. The critical angle will be

Why is mirage formation seen in deserts during the summer?

Why is the brilliance of a diamond observed?

Where can the phenomenon of total internal reflection be observed?